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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., <http://fsf.org/>
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
{description}
Copyright (C) {year} {fullname}
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

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CeroWrtScripts
==============
The CeroWrt router firmware project has largely eliminated the problem of *bufferbloat* on Ethernet for home routers.
This firmware makes a huge difference for wireless, too, although there's still more work to be done.
The symptoms of bufferbloat give people cause to complain, "the Internet feels slow today."
The techniques that the CeroWrt team have proved out are being widely adopted across
the Internet to make everyone's network performance better.
This is a set of scripts (sometimes also called "Ceroscripts") that we use to measure (and improve) latency in home routers (and everywhere else!)
[http://bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt](http://bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt)
These scripts include:
* Scripts that measure the performance of your router or offer load to the network for testing.
* Script to configure the CeroWrt router consistently after flashing factory firmware.
* Script to set up a IPv6 6-in-4 tunnel to TunnelBroker.net.
* Script to collect troubleshooting information that helps us diagnose problems in the CeroWrt distribution.
These scripts are bundled into CeroWrt 3.10.44-3 and newer as the 'cerowrtscripts' package, saved in the `/usr/lib/CeroWrtScripts` directory.
To get the newest versions, you can use `opkg update; opkg upgrade`
If the scripts are not built into your version of CeroWrt, it is safe to put them in that CeroWrtScripts directory.
---
## betterspeedtest.sh
This script emulates the web-based test performed by speedtest.net, but does it one better. While script performs a download and an upload to a server on the Internet, it simultaneously measures latency of pings to see whether the file transfers affect the responsiveness of your network.
Here's why that's important: If the data transfers do increase the latency/lag much, then other network activity, such as voice or video chat, gaming, and general network activity will also work poorly. Gamers will see this as lagging out when someone else uses the network. Skype and FaceTime will see dropouts or freezes. Latency is bad, and good routers will not allow it to happen.
The betterspeedtest.sh script measures latency during file transfers. To invoke it:
sh betterspeedtest.sh [ -4 | -6 ] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [-n simultaneous-streams ]
Options, if present, are:
* -H | --host: DNS or Address of a netperf server (default - netperf.bufferbloat.net)
Alternate servers are netperf-east (east coast US), netperf-west (California),
and netperf-eu (Denmark)
* -4 | -6: Enable ipv4 or ipv6 testing (default - ipv4)
* -t | --time: Duration for how long each direction's test should run - (default - 60 seconds)
* -p | --ping: Host to ping to measure latency (default - gstatic.com)
* -n | --number: Number of simultaneous sessions (default - 5 sessions)
The output shows separate (one-way) download and upload speed, along with a summary of latencies, including min, max, average, median, and 10th and 90th percentiles so you can get a sense of the distribution. The tool also displays the percent packet loss. The example below shows two measurements, bad and good.
On the left is a test run without SQM. Note that the latency gets huge (greater than 5 seconds), meaning that network performance would be terrible for anyone else using the network.
On the right is a test using SQM: the latency goes up a little (less than 23 msec under load), and network performance remains good.
Example with NO SQM - BAD Example using SQM - GOOD
root@cerowrt:/usr/lib/CeroWrtScripts# sh betterspeedtest.sh root@cerowrt:/usr/lib/CeroWrtScripts# sh betterspeedtest.sh
[date/time] Testing against netperf.bufferbloat.net (ipv4) [date/time] Testing against netperf.bufferbloat.net (ipv4)
with 5 simultaneous sessions while pinging gstatic.com with 5 simultaneous sessions while pinging gstatic.com
(60 seconds in each direction) (60 seconds in each direction)
Download: 6.19 Mbps Download: 4.75 Mbps
Latency: (in msec, 58 pings, 0.00% packet loss) Latency: (in msec, 61 pings, 0.00% packet loss)
Min: 43.399 Min: 43.092
10pct: 156.092 10pct: 43.916
Median: 230.921 Median: 46.400
Avg: 248.849 Avg: 46.575
90pct: 354.738 90pct: 48.514
Max: 385.507 Max: 56.150
Upload: 0.72 Mbps Upload: 0.61 Mbps
Latency: (in msec, 59 pings, 0.00% packet loss) Latency: (in msec, 53 pings, 0.00% packet loss)
Min: 43.699 Min: 43.394
10pct: 352.521 10pct: 44.202
Median: 4208.574 Median: 50.061
Avg: 3587.534 Avg: 50.486
90pct: 5163.901 90pct: 56.061
Max: 5334.262 Max: 69.333
---
## netperfrunner.sh
This script runs several netperf commands simultaneously.
This mimics the stress test of [netperf-wrapper](https://github.com/tohojo/netperf-wrapper) [Github] but without the nice GUI result.
When you start this script, it concurrently uploads and downloads several
streams (files) to a server on the Internet. This places a heavy load
on the bottleneck link of your network (probably your connection to the Internet),
and lets you measure both the total bandwidth and the latency of the link during the transfers.
To invoke the script:
sh netperfrunner.sh [ -4 | -6 ] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [-n simultaneous-streams ]
Options, if present, are:
* -H | --host: DNS or Address of a netperf server (default - netperf.bufferbloat.net)
Alternate servers are netperf-east (east coast US), netperf-west (California),
and netperf-eu (Denmark)
* -4 | -6: Enable ipv4 or ipv6 testing (default - ipv4)
* -t | --time: Duration for how long each direction's test should run - (default - 60 seconds)
* -p | --ping: Host to ping to measure latency (default - gstatic.com)
* -n | --number: Number of simultaneous sessions (default - 4 sessions)
The output of the script looks like this:
root@cerowrt:/usr/lib/CeroWrtScripts# sh netperfrunner.sh
[date/time] Testing netperf.bufferbloat.net (ipv4) with 4 streams down and up
while pinging gstatic.com. Takes about 60 seconds.
Download: 5.02 Mbps
Upload: 0.41 Mbps
Latency: (in msec, 61 pings, 15.00% packet loss)
Min: 44.494
10pct: 44.494
Median: 66.438
Avg: 68.559
90pct: 79.049
Max: 140.421
**Note:** The download and upload speeds reported may be considerably lower than your line's rated speed. This is not a bug, nor is it a problem with your internet connection. That's because the acknowledge messages sent back to the sender consume a significant fraction of the link's capacity (as much as 25%).
---
## networkhammer.sh
This script continually invokes the netperfrunner script to provide a heavy load. It runs forever - Ctl-C will interrupt it.
---
## config-cerowrt.sh
This script updates the factory settings of CeroWrt to a known-good configuration.
If you frequently update your firmware, you can use this script to reconfigure
the router to a consistent state.
You should make a copy of this script, customize it to your needs,
then use the "To run this script" procedure (below).
This script is designed to configure the settings after an initial "factory" firmware flash.
There are sections below to configure many aspects of your router.
All the sections are commented out. There are sections for:
- Set up the ge00/WAN interface to connect to your provider
- Update the software packages
- Update the root password
- Set the time zone
- Enable SNMP for traffic monitoring and measurements
- Enable NetFlow export for traffic analysis
- Enable mDNS/ZeroConf on the ge00 (WAN) interface
- Change default IP addresses and subnets for interfaces
- Change default DNS names
- Set the SQM (Smart Queue Management) parameters
- Set the radio channels
- Set wireless SSID names
- Set the wireless security credentials
**To run this script**
Flash the router with factory firmware. Then ssh in and execute these statements.
You should do this over a wired connection because some of these changes
may reset the wireless network.
ssh root@172.30.42.1
cd /tmp
cat > config.sh
[paste in the contents of this file, then hit ^D]
sh config.sh
Presto! (You should reboot the router when this completes.)
**Note:** If you use a secondary CeroWrt router, you can create another copy of this script, and use it to set different configuration parameters (perhaps different subnets, radio channels, SSIDs, enable mDNS, etc).
---
## tunnelbroker.sh
This script configures CeroWrt to create an IPv6 tunnel.
It's an easy way to become familiar with IPv6 if your ISP doesn't offer native IPv6 capabilities. There are three steps:
1. Go to the Hurricane Electric [TunnelBroker.net](http://www.tunnelbroker.net/) site to set up your free account. There are detailed instructions for setting up an account and an IPv6 tunnel at the
[CeroWrt IPv6 Tunnel page.](http://www.bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/wiki/IPv6_Tunnel)
2. Edit the tunnelbroker.sh script, using the parameters supplied by Tunnelbroker.net. They're on the site's "Tunnel Details" page. Click on the "Example
Configurations" tab and select "OpenWRT Backfire 10.03.1". Use the info to fill in the corresponding lines of the script.
3. ssh into the CeroWrt router and execute this script with these steps.
ssh root@172.30.42.1
cd /tmp
cat > tunnel.sh
[paste in the contents of this file, then hit ^D]
sh tunnel.sh
[Restart your router. This seems to make a difference.]
Presto! Your tunnel is up! Your computer should get a global IPv6 address, and should be able to communicate directly with IPv6 devices on the Internet. To test it, try: `ping6 ivp6.google.com`
---
## cerostats.sh
This script collects a number of useful configuration settings and dynamic values for aid in diagnosing problems with CeroWrt. If you report a problem, it would be helpful to include the output of this script.
By default, it collects information about the first 2.4GHz radio/interface, and writes the collected data to `/tmp/cerostats_output.txt`

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#!/bin/sh
# betterspeedtest.sh - Script to simulate http://speedtest.net
# Start pinging, then initiate a download, let it finish, then start an upload
# Output the measured transfer rates and the resulting ping latency
# It's better than 'speedtest.net' because it measures latency *while* measuring the speed.
# Usage: sh betterspeedtest.sh [-4 -6] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [ -n simultaneous-streams ]
# Options: If options are present:
#
# -H | --host: DNS or Address of a netperf server (default - netperf.bufferbloat.net)
# Alternate servers are netperf-east (east coast US), netperf-west (California),
# and netperf-eu (Denmark)
# -4 | -6: enable ipv4 or ipv6 testing (ipv4 is the default)
# -t | --time: Duration for how long each direction's test should run - (default - 60 seconds)
# -p | --ping: Host to ping to measure latency (default - gstatic.com)
# -n | --number: Number of simultaneous sessions (default - 5 sessions)
# Copyright (c) 2014 - Rich Brown rich.brown@blueberryhillsoftware.com
# GPLv2
# Summarize the contents of the ping's output file to show min, avg, median, max, etc.
# input parameter ($1) file contains the output of the ping command
summarize_pings() {
# Process the ping times, and summarize the results
# grep to keep lines that have "time=", then sed to isolate the time stamps, and sort them
# awk builds an array of those values, and prints first & last (which are min, max)
# and computes average.
# If the number of samples is >= 10, also computes median, and 10th and 90th percentile readings
sed 's/^.*time=\([^ ]*\) ms/\1/' < $1 | grep -v "PING" | sort -n | \
awk 'BEGIN {numdrops=0; numrows=0;} \
{ \
if ( $0 ~ /timeout/ ) { \
numdrops += 1; \
} else { \
numrows += 1; \
arr[numrows]=$1; sum+=$1; \
} \
} \
END { \
pc10="-"; pc90="-"; med="-"; \
if (numrows == 0) {numrows=1} \
if (numrows>=10) \
{ ix=int(numrows/10); pc10=arr[ix]; ix=int(numrows*9/10);pc90=arr[ix]; \
if (numrows%2==1) med=arr[(numrows+1)/2]; else med=(arr[numrows/2]); \
}; \
pktloss = numdrops/(numdrops+numrows) * 100; \
printf(" Latency: (in msec, %d pings, %4.2f%% packet loss)\n Min: %4.3f \n 10pct: %4.3f \n Median: %4.3f \n Avg: %4.3f \n 90pct: %4.3f \n Max: %4.3f\n", numrows, pktloss, arr[1], pc10, med, sum/numrows, pc90, arr[numrows] )\
}'
}
# Print a line of dots as a progress indicator.
print_dots() {
while : ; do
printf "."
sleep 1s
done
}
# Stop the current print_dots() process
kill_dots() {
# echo "Pings: $ping_pid Dots: $dots_pid"
kill -9 $dots_pid
wait $dots_pid 2>/dev/null
dots_pid=0
}
# Stop the current ping process
kill_pings() {
# echo "Pings: $ping_pid Dots: $dots_pid"
kill -9 $ping_pid
wait $ping_pid 2>/dev/null
ping_pid=0
}
# Stop the current pings and dots, and exit
# ping command catches (and handles) first Ctrl-C, so you have to hit it again...
kill_pings_and_dots_and_exit() {
kill_dots
echo "\nStopped"
exit 1
}
# ------------ Measure speed and ping latency for one direction ----------------
#
# Called with measure_direction "Download" $TESTHOST $TESTDUR $PINGHOST
measure_direction() {
# Create temp files
PINGFILE=`mktemp /tmp/measurepings.XXXXXX` || exit 1
SPEEDFILE=`mktemp /tmp/netperfUL.XXXXXX` || exit 1
# Start dots
print_dots &
dots_pid=$!
# echo "Dots PID: $dots_pid"
# Start Ping
if [ $TESTPROTO -eq "-4" ]
then
ping $4 > $PINGFILE &
else
ping6 $4 > $PINGFILE &
fi
ping_pid=$!
# echo "Ping PID: $ping_pid"
# Start netperf with the proper direction
if [ $1 = "Download" ]; then
dir="TCP_MAERTS"
else
dir="TCP_STREAM"
fi
# Start $MAXSESSIONS datastreams between netperf client and the netperf server
# netperf writes the sole output value (in Mbps) to stdout when completed
for i in $( seq $MAXSESSIONS )
do
netperf $TESTPROTO -H $TESTHOST -t $dir -l $TESTDUR -v 0 -P 0 >> $SPEEDFILE &
#echo "Starting $!"
done
# Wait until each of the background netperf processes completes
# echo "Process is $$"
# echo `pgrep -P $$ netperf `
for i in `pgrep -P $$ netperf ` # gets a list of PIDs for child processes named 'netperf'
do
#echo "Waiting for $i"
wait $i
done
# Print TCP Download speed
echo ""
echo " $1: " `awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' $SPEEDFILE` Mbps
# When netperf completes, stop the dots and the pings
kill_pings
kill_dots
# Summarize the ping data
summarize_pings $PINGFILE
rm $PINGFILE
rm $SPEEDFILE
}
# ------- Start of the main routine --------
# Usage: sh betterspeedtest.sh [ -4 -6 ] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [ -n simultaneous-sessions ]
# “H” and “host” DNS or IP address of the netperf server host (default: netperf.bufferbloat.net)
# “t” and “time” Time to run the test in each direction (default: 60 seconds)
# “p” and “ping” Host to ping for latency measurements (default: gstatic.com)
# "n" and "number" Number of simultaneous upload or download sessions (default: 5 sessions;
# 5 sessions chosen empirically because total didn't increase much after that number)
# set an initial values for defaults
TESTHOST="netperf.bufferbloat.net"
TESTDUR="60"
PINGHOST="gstatic.com"
MAXSESSIONS="5"
TESTPROTO=-4
# read the options
# extract options and their arguments into variables.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
-4|-6) TESTPROTO=$1 ; shift 1 ;;
-H|--host)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing hostname" ; exit 1 ;;
*) TESTHOST=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-t|--time)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing duration" ; exit 1 ;;
*) TESTDUR=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-p|--ping)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing ping host" ; exit 1 ;;
*) PINGHOST=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-n|--number)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing number of simultaneous sessions" ; exit 1 ;;
*) MAXSESSIONS=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
--) shift ; break ;;
*) echo "Usage: sh betterspeedtest.sh [-4 -6] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [ -n simultaneous-sessions ]" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
# Start the main test
if [ $TESTPROTO -eq "-4" ]
then
PROTO="ipv4"
else
PROTO="ipv6"
fi
DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "$DATE Testing against $TESTHOST ($PROTO) with $MAXSESSIONS simultaneous sessions while pinging $PINGHOST ($TESTDUR seconds in each direction)"
# Catch a Ctl-C and stop the pinging and the print_dots
trap kill_pings_and_dots_and_exit HUP INT TERM
measure_direction "Download" $TESTHOST $TESTDUR $PINGHOST $MAXSESSIONS
measure_direction " Upload" $TESTHOST $TESTDUR $PINGHOST $MAXSESSIONS

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cerostats.sh Executable file
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#! /bin/sh
# A collection of diagnostic commands to run when troubles arise.
# Based on Sebastian Moeller's original from:
# https://lists.bufferbloat.net/pipermail/cerowrt-devel/2014-April/002871.html
#
# The default script collects stats for the first 2.4GHz interface.
# Change for your situation.
#
# - phy0 - 2.4GHz radio
# - sw00 - First 2.4GHz wireless interface
# - /tmp/cerostats_output.txt - output file for stats
radio=phy0
wlan_if=sw00
out_fqn=/tmp/cerostats_output.txt
echo -e "[date]" > ${out_fqn}
date >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[uname -a]" >> ${out_fqn}
echo $( uname -a ) >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[uptime]" >> ${out_fqn}
echo $( uptime ) >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[ifconfig]" >> ${out_fqn}
ifconfig >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[top]" >> ${out_fqn}
top -b | head -n 20 >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[tc -s qdisc show dev ${wlan_if}]" >> ${out_fqn}
tc -s qdisc show dev ${wlan_if} >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[iw dev ${wlan_if} station dump]" >> ${out_fqn}
iw dev ${wlan_if} station dump >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/ani]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/ani >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/interrupt]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/interrupt >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/queues]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/queues >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/xmit]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/xmit >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/recv]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/recv >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/reset]" >> ${out_fqn}
cat /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/${radio}/ath9k/reset >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[logread]" >> ${out_fqn}
logread >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "\n" >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "[dmesg]" >> ${out_fqn}
dmesg >> ${out_fqn}
echo -e "" >> ${out_fqn}
echo "Done... Stats written to ${out_fqn} (${0})"

234
config-cerowrt.sh Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
# Update the factory settings of CeroWrt to a known-good configuration.
# You should make a copy of this script, customize it to your needs,
# then use the "To run this script" procedure (below).
#
# This script is designed to configure all the settings needed to
# set up your router after an initial "factory" firmware flash.
#
# There are sections below to configure many aspects of your router.
# All the sections are commented out. There are sections for:
#
# - Set up the ge00/WAN interface to connect to your provider
# - Update the software packages
# - Update the root password
# - Set the time zone
# - Enable SNMP for traffic monitoring and measurements
# - Enable NetFlow export for traffic analysis
# - Enable mDNS/ZeroConf on the ge00 (WAN) interface
# - Change default IP addresses and subnets for interfaces
# - Change default DNS names
# - Set the SQM (Smart Queue Management) parameters
# - Set the radio channels
# - Set wireless SSID names
# - Set the wireless security credentials
#
# To run this script
#
# Flash the router with factory firmware. Then ssh in and execute these statements.
# You should do this over a wired connection because some of these changes
# will reset the wireless network.
#
# ssh root@172.30.42.1
# cd /tmp
# cat > config.sh
# [paste in the contents of this file, then hit ^D]
# sh config.sh
# Presto! (You should reboot the router when this completes.)
# === Set up the WAN (ge00) interface ==================
# Default is DHCP, this sets it to PPPoE (typical for DSL/ADSL)
# From http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/internet.connection
# Supply values for DSLUSERNAME and DSLPASSWORD
# and uncomment seven lines
#
# DSLUSERNAME=YOUR-DSL-USERNAME
# DSLPASSWORD=YOUR-DSL-PASSWORD
# uci set network.ge00.proto=pppoe
# uci set network.ge00.username=$DSLUSERNAME
# uci set network.ge00.password=$DSLPASSWORD
# uci commit network
# ifup ge00
# === Update the software packages =============
# Download and update all the interesting packages
# Some of these are pre-installed, but there is no harm in
# updating/installing them a second time.
# opkg update # retrieve updated packages
# opkg install snmpd fprobe # install snmpd & fprobe
# opkg install qos-scripts # install the qos-scripts
# opkg install ppp-mod-pppoe # install PPPoE module
# === Update root password =====================
# Update the root password. Supply new password for NEWPASSWD and
# uncomment six lines.
#
# echo 'Updating root password'
# NEWPASSWD=Beatthebloat
# passwd <<EOF
# $NEWPASSWD
# $NEWPASSWD
# EOF
# === Set the Time Zone ========================
# Set the time zone to non-default (other than UTC)
# Full list of time zones is at:
# http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/system#time.zones
# Use the URL above to find the desired ZONENAME and TIMEZONE,
# then uncomment seven lines
#
# TIMEZONE='EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0'
# ZONENAME='America/New York'
# echo 'Setting timezone to' $TIMEZONE
# uci set system.@system[0].timezone="$TIMEZONE"
# echo 'Setting zone name to' $ZONENAME
# uci set system.@system[0].zonename="$ZONENAME"
# uci commit system
# === Enable SNMP daemon =======================
# SNMP - See this page for more details
# http://www.bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/wiki/Monitoring_CeroWrt
# Enables responses on IPv4 & IPv6 with same read-only community string
# Supply values for COMMUNITYSTRING and uncomment eleven lines.
# COMMUNITYSTRING=public
# echo 'Configuring and starting snmpd'
# uci set snmpd.@agent[0].agentaddress='UDP:161,UDP6:161'
# uci set snmpd.@com2sec[0].community=$COMMUNITYSTRING
# uci add snmpd com2sec6
# uci set snmpd.@com2sec6[-1].secname=ro
# uci set snmpd.@com2sec6[-1].source=default
# uci set snmpd.@com2sec6[-1].community=$COMMUNITYSTRING
# uci commit snmpd
# /etc/init.d/snmpd restart # default snmpd config uses 'public'
# /etc/init.d/snmpd enable # community string for SNMPv1 & SNMPv2c
# === Enable NetFlow export ====================
# NetFlow export
# Start fprobe now to send netflow records to local netflow
# collector at the following address and port (I use http://intermapper.com)
# Supply values for NETFLOWCOLLECTORADRS & NETFLOWCOLLECTORADRS
# and uncomment nine lines
#
# NETFLOWCOLLECTORADRS=192.168.2.13
# NETFLOWCOLLECTORPORT=2055
# echo 'Configuring and starting fprobe...'
# fprobe -i ge00 -f ip -d 15 -e 60 $NETFLOWCOLLECTORADRS':'$NETFLOWCOLLECTORPORT
# Also edit /etc/rc.local to add the same command
# so that it will start after next reboot
# sed -i '$ i\
# fprobe -i ge00 -f ip -d 15 -e 60 NEWIPPORT' /etc/rc.local
# sed -i s#NEWIPPORT#$NETFLOWCOLLECTORADRS:$NETFLOWCOLLECTORPORT#g /etc/rc.local
# === Enable mDNS/ZeroConf =====================
# Enable avahi to relay mDNS queries out the "WAN" port.
# YOU SHOULD NEVER DO THIS if CeroWrt is your primary router - that is, if it's
# connected directly to the Internet, as it will leak private information.
# To enable mDNS, uncomment two lines, and reboot the router afterwards
###
### IF THIS IS YOUR PRIMARY ROUTER, DO NOT DO THIS! ###
### IT COULD LEAK YOUR mDNS NAMES INTO THE INTERNET! ###
### (It's useful if this is your secondary router.) ###
###
# echo 'Enabling mDNS'
# sed -i s/deny-interfaces=ge00/#deny-interfaces=ge00/g /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
# === Update IP Subnet Ranges ==================
# Changing configuration for Subnets, DNS, SSIDs, etc.
# See this page for details:
# http://www.bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/wiki/Changing_your_cerowrt_ip_addresses
# If you do any of these, you should reboot the router afterwards
#
# Subnet:
# Supply values for NEWIP and REVIP (e.g. 192.168.1 and 1.168.192, respectively)
# in the lines below, then uncomment five lines
#
# NEWIP=your.new.ip
# REVIP=ip.new.your
# echo 'Changing IP subnets to' $NEWIP 'and' $REVIP
# sed -i s#172.30.42#$NEWIP#g /etc/config/*
# === Update local DNS domain ==================
# DNS:
# Supply a desired DNS name for NEWDNS and uncomment three lines
#
# NEWDNS=home.lan
# echo 'Changing local domain to' $NEWDNS
# sed -i s#home.lan#$NEWDNS#g /etc/config/*
# ==============================
# Set Smart Queue Management (SQM) values for your own network
#
# Use a speed test (http://speedtest.net) to determine the speed
# for your own network, then set the values below accordingly
# Speeds below are in kbits per second (3000 = 3 megabits/sec)
# For all the details about setting the SQM for your router, see:
# http://www.bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/wiki/Setting_up_SQM_for_CeroWrt_310
#
# DOWNLOADSPEED=7000
# UPLOADSPEED=830
# echo 'Setting SQM to' $DOWNLOADSPEED/$UPLOADSPEED 'kbps down/up'
# uci set sqm.ge00.enabled=1
# uci set sqm.ge00.download=$DOWNLOADSPEED
# uci set sqm.ge00.upload=$UPLOADSPEED
# uci set sqm.ge00.script='simple.qos'
# uci set sqm.ge00.qdisc='fq_codel'
# uci commit sqm
# === Update WiFi info for the access point ================
# a) Assign the radio channels
# b) Assign the SSID's
# c) Assign the encryption/passwords
# To see all the wireless info:
# uci show wireless
#
# Default interface indices and SSIDs are:
# 0 - CEROwrt
# 1 - CEROwrt-guest
# 2 - babel (on 2.4GHz)
# 3 - CEROwrt5
# 4 - CEROwrt-guest5
# 5 - babel (on 5GHz)
# === Assign channels for the wireless radios
# Set the channels for the wireless radios
# Radio0 choices are 1..11
# Radio1 choices are 36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165
# The default HT40+ settings bond 36&40, 44&48, etc.
# Choose 36 or 44 and it'll work fine
# echo 'Setting 2.4 & 5 GHz channels'
# uci set wireless.radio0.channel=6
# uci set wireless.radio1.channel=44
# === Assign the SSID's
# These are the default SSIDs for CeroWrt; no need to set again
# echo 'Setting SSIDs'
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[0].ssid=CEROwrt
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[1].ssid=CEROwrt-guest
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[3].ssid=CEROwrt5
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[4].ssid=CEROwrt-guest5
# === Assign the encryption/password ================
# Update the wifi password/security. To see all the wireless info:
# uci show wireless
# The full list of encryption modes is at: (psk2 gives WPA2-PSK)
# http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/wireless#wpa.modes
# Set WIFIPASSWD and the ENCRMODE, and then uncomment the remaining lines.
#
# echo 'Updating WiFi security information'
# WIFIPASSWD='Beatthebloat'
# ENCRMODE=psk2
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[0].key=$WIFIPASSWD
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[1].key=$WIFIPASSWD
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[3].key=$WIFIPASSWD
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[4].key=$WIFIPASSWD
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[0].encryption=$ENCRMODE
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[1].encryption=$ENCRMODE
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[3].encryption=$ENCRMODE
# uci set wireless.@wifi-iface[4].encryption=$ENCRMODE
# uci commit wireless
echo 'You should restart the router now for these changes to take effect...'
# --- end of script ---

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netperfrunner.sh Executable file
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#! /bin/sh
# Netperfrunner.sh - a shell script that runs several netperf commands simultaneously.
# This mimics the stress test of netperf-wrapper from Toke <toke@toke.dk>
# but doesn't have the nice GUI result. This can live in /usr/lib/sqm within CeroWrt
#
# When you start this script, it concurrently uploads and downloads multiple
# streams (files) to a server on the Internet. This places a heavy load
# on the bottleneck link of your network (probably your connection to the
# Internet). It also starts a ping to a well-connected host. It displays:
#
# a) total bandwidth available
# b) the distribution of ping latency
# Usage: sh netperfrunner.sh [ -4 -6 ] [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -t host-to-ping ] [ -n simultaneous-streams ]
# Options: If options are present:
#
# -H | --host: DNS or Address of a netperf server (default - netperf.bufferbloat.net)
# Alternate servers are netperf-east (east coast US), netperf-west (California),
# and netperf-eu (Denmark)
# -4 | -6: IPv4 or IPv6
# -t | --time: Duration for how long each direction's test should run - (default - 60 seconds)
# -p | --ping: Host to ping to measure latency (default - gstatic.com)
# -n | --number: Number of simultaneous sessions (default - 5 sessions)
# Copyright (c) 2014 - Rich Brown rich.brown@blueberryhillsoftware.com
# GPLv2
# Summarize the contents of the ping's output file to show min, avg, median, max, etc.
# input parameter ($1) file contains the output of the ping command
summarize_pings() {
# Process the ping times, and summarize the results
# grep to keep lines that have "time=", then sed to isolate the time stamps, and sort them
# awk builds an array of those values, and prints first & last (which are min, max)
# and computes average.
# If the number of samples is >= 10, also computes median, and 10th and 90th percentile readings
sed 's/^.*time=\([^ ]*\) ms/\1/' < $1 | grep -v "PING" | sort -n | \
awk 'BEGIN {numdrops=0; numrows=0;} \
{ \
if ( $0 ~ /timeout/ ) { \
numdrops += 1; \
} else { \
numrows += 1; \
arr[numrows]=$1; sum+=$1; \
} \
} \
END { \
pc10="-"; pc90="-"; med="-"; \
if (numrows == 0) {numrows=1} \
if (numrows>=10) \
{ ix=int(numrows/10); pc10=arr[ix]; ix=int(numrows*9/10);pc90=arr[ix]; \
if (numrows%2==1) med=arr[(numrows+1)/2]; else med=(arr[numrows/2]); \
}; \
pktloss = numdrops/(numdrops+numrows) * 100; \
printf(" Latency: (in msec, %d pings, %4.2f%% packet loss)\n Min: %4.3f \n 10pct: %4.3f \n Median: %4.3f \n Avg: %4.3f \n 90pct: %4.3f \n Max: %4.3f\n", numrows, pktloss, arr[1], pc10, med, sum/numrows, pc90, arr[numrows] )\
}'
}
# ------- Start of the main routine --------
# Usage: sh betterspeedtest.sh [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ]
# “H” and “host” DNS or IP address of the netperf server host (default: netperf.bufferbloat.net)
# “t” and “time” Time to run the test in each direction (default: 60 seconds)
# “p” and “ping” Host to ping for latency measurements (default: gstatic.com)
# "n" and "number" Number of simultaneous upload or download sessions (default: 4 sessions;
# 4 sessions chosen to match default of RRUL test)
# set an initial values for defaults
TESTHOST="netperf.bufferbloat.net"
TESTDUR="60"
PINGHOST="gstatic.com"
MAXSESSIONS=4
TESTPROTO=-4
# Create temp files for netperf up/download results
ULFILE=`mktemp /tmp/netperfUL.XXXXXX` || exit 1
DLFILE=`mktemp /tmp/netperfDL.XXXXXX` || exit 1
PINGFILE=`mktemp /tmp/measurepings.XXXXXX` || exit 1
# echo $ULFILE $DLFILE $PINGFILE
# read the options
# extract options and their arguments into variables.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
-4|-6) TESTPROTO=$1; shift 1 ;;
-H|--host)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing hostname" ; exit 1 ;;
*) TESTHOST=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-t|--time)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing duration" ; exit 1 ;;
*) TESTDUR=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-p|--ping)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing ping host" ; exit 1 ;;
*) PINGHOST=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
-n|--number)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Missing number of simultaneous sessions" ; exit 1 ;;
*) MAXSESSIONS=$2 ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
--) shift ; break ;;
*) echo "Usage: sh Netperfrunner.sh [ -H netperf-server ] [ -t duration ] [ -p host-to-ping ] [ -n simultaneous-streams ]" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
# Start main test
if [ $TESTPROTO -eq "-4" ]
then
PROTO="ipv4"
else
PROTO="ipv6"
fi
DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "$DATE Testing $TESTHOST ($PROTO) with $MAXSESSIONS streams down and up while pinging $PINGHOST. Takes about $TESTDUR seconds."
# echo "It downloads four files, and concurrently uploads four files for maximum stress."
# echo "It also pings a well-connected host, and prints a summary of the latency results."
# echo "This test is part of the CeroWrt project. To learn more, visit:"
# echo " http://bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/"
# Start Ping
if [ $TESTPROTO -eq "-4" ]
then
ping $PINGHOST > $PINGFILE &
else
ping6 $PINGHOST > $PINGFILE &
fi
ping_pid=$!
# echo "Ping PID: $ping_pid"
# Start $MAXSESSIONS upload datastreams from netperf client to the netperf server
# netperf writes the sole output value (in Mbps) to stdout when completed
for i in $( seq $MAXSESSIONS )
do
netperf $TESTPROTO -H $TESTHOST -t TCP_STREAM -l $TESTDUR -v 0 -P 0 >> $ULFILE &
# echo "Starting upload #$i $!"
done
# Start $MAXSESSIONS download datastreams from netperf server to the client
for i in $( seq $MAXSESSIONS )
do
netperf $TESTPROTO -H $TESTHOST -t TCP_MAERTS -l $TESTDUR -v 0 -P 0 >> $DLFILE &
# echo "Starting download #$i $!"
done
# Wait until each of the background netperf processes completes
# echo "Process is $$"
# echo `pgrep -P $$ netperf `
for i in `pgrep -P $$ netperf` # get a list of PIDs for child processes named 'netperf'
do
# echo "Waiting for $i"
wait $i
done
# Stop the pings after the netperf's are all done
kill -9 $ping_pid
wait $ping_pid 2>/dev/null
# sum up all the values (one line per netperf test) from $DLFILE and $ULFILE
# then summarize the ping stat's
echo " Download: " `awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' $DLFILE` Mbps
echo " Upload: " `awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' $ULFILE` Mbps
summarize_pings $PINGFILE
# Clean up
rm $PINGFILE
rm $DLFILE
rm $ULFILE

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networkhammer.sh Normal file
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#!/bin/sh
# Continuously hammer the network with continuous netperfrunner tests
# Initially created to put load on Wi-Fi for CeroWrt
#
echo "Hammering the network to gw.home.lan. Hit Ctl-C to cancel"
while True;
do
./netperfrunner.sh -H gw.home.lan
done

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tunnelbroker.sh Normal file
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#!/bin/sh
# Script for setting CeroWrt to create an IPv6 tunnel
# to Hurricane Electric at http://www.tunnelbroker.net/
# There are two steps:
# 1) Go to the Tunnelbroker.net site to set up your free account
# 2) Run the script below, using the parameters supplied by Tunnelbroker
# This CeroWrt page gives detailed instructions for setting up an IPv6 tunnel:
# http://www.bufferbloat.net/projects/cerowrt/wiki/IPv6_Tunnel
#
# Once you've created your account and a tunnel, get the "Example
# Configurations" for OpenWRT Backfire, and use the info to fill in this
# file, then save it as a file named "tunnel.sh" Finally, ssh into the
# router and execute this script with these steps:
#
# ssh root@172.30.42.1
# cd /tmp
# cat > tunnel.sh
# [paste in the contents of this file, then hit ^D]
# sh tunnel.sh
# [Restart your router. This seems to make a difference.]
#
# Presto! Your tunnel is set up. You should now be able
# communicate directly with IPv6 devices.
# ==============================================
# Download and update all the interesting packages
# Some of these are pre-installed, but there is no
# harm in updating/installing them a second time.
opkg update
opkg install 6in4
# ==============================================
# Create a 6in4 interface to tunnel IPv6. These steps show how to
# set the credentials for a Hurricane Electric tunnel
# First create an account at http://HE.net, then use their
# Example Configurations page to get the specifics, which are
# automatically generated specifically for *your* tunnel
# Copy/paste the information from the Example Configurations
# generated for the OpenWRT Backfire 10.03.1 dropdown
# then edit the following to match your parameters.
#
# NOTE: The username should be your plain UserID (the "Account Name:
# on the tunnelbroker.net site) not the long alphanumeric string
#
echo 'Setting up HE.net tunnel'
# ------- USE THE INFORMATION FROM TUNNELBROKER.NET HERE --------
uci set network.henet=interface
uci set network.henet.proto=6in4
uci set network.henet.peeraddr=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
uci set network.henet.ip6addr='2001:470:ABCD::2/64'
uci set network.henet.tunnelid=123456
uci set network.henet.username='your-plain-userid'
uci set network.henet.password='your-password'
# ------- END OF TUNNELBROKER.NET INFO --------
# ------- Additional configuration info required for the tunnel --------
# This automatically assigns each LAN interface a /64 from your routed /48
# Set the ip6prefix to use your routed /48 prefix from HE.net
uci set network.henet.ip6prefix='2001:470:ABCD::/48'
uci set network.henet.mtu=1424
uci set network.henet.ttl=64
uci commit network
# ==============================================
# Configure the 6in4-henet interface into the WAN zone
# CeroWrt puts WAN stuff in zone[0], not zone[1] as with OpenWrt
uci set firewall.@zone[0].network='ge00 henet'
uci commit firewall
# ==============================================
# Invoke the new configuration
echo 'Restarting network... "Device busy (-16)" messages are OK.'
/etc/init.d/network restart
echo 'Restarting firewall...'
/etc/init.d/firewall restart
# Belt and suspenders - you could also restart
echo 'Done. You should restart the router now to make these take effect.'
# ==============================================
# What's going on here?
#
# CeroWrt is configured to do a lot of stuff automatically, so you may not notice
# all the magic that's happening under the covers. Here are some of the configuration
# tricks that have been worked out over the various test releases of CeroWrt 3.10.x
#
# IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel to Hurricane Electric (http://HE.net):
#
# These lines create an interface named "6in4-henet" that acquires an IPv6 address
# for the CeroWrt router, and also gets the assigned /48 prefix to assign to the
# individual routed LAN interfaces.
#
# In addition, the script places 6in4-henet into the firewall's WAN zone.
#
# DNS/DHCP:
#
# dnsmasq-dhcpv6 is the default DNS and DHCP server. By default, it is prepared
# to handle all DNS duties and to hand out IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
# Each time it restarts, its config file (/etc/config/dhcp) is compiled to
# create /var/etc/dnsmasq.conf. This in turn links to a conf file at
# /etc/dnsmasq.conf. The latter file contains the information required for
# handing out IPv6 addresses on the LAN interfaces (se00, sw00, gw00, sw10, gw10).
#
# Restarting services:
#
# The final step in the script is to restart the network and firewall services.
# It never hurts to reboot the router after this completes.
#
# NB: This has been tested with CeroWrt 3.10.50-1 (July 2014)
# ==============================================
# Re-establishing the Tunnel
#
# NB: As of CeroWrt 3.7.5-2 (Feb 2013), the automatic re-establishment code
# of the 6in4 module appears not to be working. You will need to re-establish
# the tunnel manually when your external IP address changes.
#
# To re-establish the tunnel, say, because your external IP address changed,
# you can also use the following URL with these parameters. Note that the
# USERNAME and PASSWORD are what you type to log into the Tunnelbroker site.
#
# USERNAME is the Account Name
# PASSWORD is the current password
# TUNNELID is the Tunnel ID
# https://USERNAME:PASSWORD@ipv4.tunnelbroker.net/ipv4_end.php?tid=TUNNELID
#
# You can also use a non-HTTPS URL and parameters to re-establish the link.
# This form relies on hashed representations of the credentials since they're
# not carried on a secure connection. You can get more information about the
# parameters at https://ipv4.tunnelbroker.net/ipv4_end.php
#
# USERID is the "User ID" from the Tunnelbroker site's Main Page
# PWHASH is the MD5 hash of the password
# TUNNELID is the Tunnel ID
# http://ipv4.tunnelbroker.net/ipv4_end.php?ip=AUTO&apikey=USERID&pass=PWHASH&tid=TUNNELID
#
# --- end of script ---